Lipids (Intro, Structure, and Function)

  • Lipids: Intro / Overview
  • Free Fatty Acids: Intro and Properties
  • Free Fatty Acids: Nomenclature and Convention
  • Triacylglycerols / Triglycerides
  • Membrane Lipids: Intro
  • Membrane Lipids: Glycerophospholipids
  • Membrane Lipids: Glycerophospholipids with Ether Linkages (Plasmologens and PAF)
  • Membrane Lipids: Sphingolipids
  • Membrane Lipids: Sphingolipids (examples)
  • Sterols / Steroids: Intro / Overview
  • Eicosanoids: Intro / Overview [ free YouTube snippet | full free sample video ]
  • Dietary Lipids: Digestion and Absorption (Part 1 of 3) - Digestion [ free YouTube snippet | full free sample video ]
  • Dietary Lipids: Digestion and Absorption (Part 2 of 3) - Absorption
  • Dietary Lipids: Digestion and Absorption (Part 3 of 3) - Clinical Correlate: Malabsorption

Triglyceride / Triacylglycerol Breakdown (Lipolysis) and Fatty Acid Breakdown

  • Intro / Overview
  • Triacylglycerol / Triglyceride Mobilization and Fatty Acid Activation
  • Carnitine-Mediated Transport of Acyl-CoA - "Carnitine Shuttle"
  • Clinical Correlate: Carnitine Deficiency and Carnitine as a Supplement
  • Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Even-Numbered, Saturated Fatty Acid)
  • Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Even-Numbered, Saturated Fatty Acid) - ATP Energy Calculation
  • Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Odd-Numbered, Saturated Fatty Acid)
  • Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Odd-Numbered, Saturated Fatty Acid) - ATP Energy Calculation
  • Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Unsaturated Fatty Acid) [ free YouTube snippet | full free sample video ]
  • Beta (β) Oxidation (for an Unsaturated Fatty Acid) - ATP Energy Calculation
  • Beta (β) Oxidation in Peroxisomes, Zellweger Syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy
  • Alpha (α) Oxidation in Peroxisomes, Refsum's Disease
  • Omega (ω) Oxidation
  • Clinical Correlate: Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (MCAD) Deficiency

Ketone Bodies

  • Intro / Overview
  • Ketone Body Synthesis (Ketogenesis)
  • Ketone Body Breakdown (Ketolysis) -- Ketone Bodies Used as a Fuel Source (Oxidation of Ketone Bodies)
  • Diabetes, Starvation, and Ketoacidosis - Overview

Triglyceride / Triacylglycerol Synthesis (Lipogenesis) and Fatty Acid Synthesis

  • Intro / Overview
  • Transport of Acetyl-CoA from Mitochondria to Cytosol
  • Activation of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA
  • Fatty Acid Synthase Complex
  • Palmitate Synthesis
  • Side-by-Side Comparison with β-Oxidation
  • Palmitate Synthesis - Summary and Stoichiometry
  • Regulation of Fatty Acid Synthesis
  • Hormonal Control of Fatty Acid Synthesis
  • Clinical Correlate: Excess Alcohol Consumption and Fatty Liver
  • Fatty Acid Synthesis: Elongation
  • Fatty Acid Synthesis: Desaturation
  • Triglyceride / Triacylglycerol Synthesis (Lipogenesis)

Glycerophospholipids and their Metabolism

  • Glycerophospholipids: Intro / Overview [copy from Lipids chapter]
  • Glycerophospholipid Synthesis: Intro
  • Glycerophospholipid Synthesis: Two Methods for Adding Polar Head Groups
  • Glycerophospholipid Synthesis: Prokaryotes
  • Glycerophospholipid Synthesis: Eukaryotes
  • Glycerophospholipid Degradation
  • Clinical Correlate: Lung Surfactant and Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)

Sphingolipids and their Metabolism

  • Sphingolipids: Intro / Overview [copy from Lipids chapter]
  • Sphingolipids: Examples [copy from Lipids chapter]
  • Sphingolipids: Synthesis
  • Sphingolipids: Degradation and Sphingolipidoses - Intro
  • Sphingolipids: Degradation and Sphingolipidoses - Details
  • Sphingolipidoses: Tay-Sachs Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease] [ free YouTube snippet | full free sample video ]
  • Sphingolipidoses: Niemann-Pick Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]
  • Sphingolipidoses: Gaucher Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]
  • Sphingolipidoses: Krabbe Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]
  • Sphingolipidoses: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy [Lysosomal Storage Disease]
  • Sphingolipidoses: Fabry Disease [Lysosomal Storage Disease]

Eicosanoids and their Metabolism

Cholesterol Synthesis and Degradation

  • Cholesterol Synthesis: Intro / Overview
  • Cholesterol Synthesis: Stage 1 - Mevalonate Synthesis
  • Cholesterol Synthesis: Stage 2 - Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate (IPP) Synthesis
  • Cholesterol Synthesis: Stage 3 - Squalene Synthesis
  • Cholesterol Synthesis: Stage 4 - Squalene Cyclization
  • Cholesterol Synthesis: Summary of Reactants and Requirements (Big Picture)
  • Cholesterol Degradation

Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis

  • Intro
  • Short-Term Control
  • Long-Term Control
  • Overview / Summary

Bile Acids / Bile Salts and their Metabolism

Steroid Hormones and their Metabolism

  • Intro to Steroids [copy from Lipids chapter]
  • Steroid Hormones: Basic Mechanism of Action
  • Steroid Hormone Synthesis in the Adrenal Cortex [ free YouTube snippet | full free sample video ]
  • Steroid Hormone Synthesis in the Testes
  • Steroid Hormone Synthesis in the Ovaries
  • Steroid Hormone Degradation / Excretion
  • Clinical Correlate: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) / Adrenogenital Syndrome

Lipoproteins

  • Lipoproteins: Intro
  • Lipoproteins: Apoproteins / Apolipoproteins
  • Lipoproteins: Chylomicrons
  • Lipoproteins: VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein)
  • Lipoproteins: IDL (Intermediate Density Lipoprotein)
  • Lipoproteins: LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)
  • Lipoproteins: HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)
  • LDL Receptor: Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
  • LDL Receptor: Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis
  • Lipoproteins: "Good" Cholesterol (HDL) vs "Bad" Cholesterol (LDL)

Hyperlipoproteinemias and Hypolipoproteinemias

  • Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type I - [Chylomicronemia]
  • Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type IIa - [Familial Hypercholesterolemia]
  • Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type IIb - [Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia]
  • Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type III - [Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia AKA Remnant Removal Disease] [ free YouTube snippet | full free sample video ]
  • Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type IV - [Familial Hypertriglyceridemia]
  • Hyperlipoproteinemia: Type V - [Mixed Hyperlipidemia]
  • Hypolipoproteinemia: Abetalipoproteinemia
  • Hypolipoproteinemia: Tangier Disease